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State Threads Library - http://state-threads.sourceforge.net/
Small application library for writing fast, highly scalable Internet programs on Unix-like platforms. Open source, MPL or GPL. |
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ZThreads - http://zthread.sourceforge.net/
An advanced object-oriented, cross-platform C++ threading and synchronization library. [GPL] |
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Survey of Threads - http://www.northco.net/chenke/project/project2.html
Comparing Solaris, Linux, and Windows NT threads. |
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Thread Implementation Table - http://members.aol.com/drbutenhof/ThreadTable.html
Dave Butenhof's comparison of thread implementations. |
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Foundations of Multithreaded, Parallel, and Distributed Programming - http://www.aw-bc.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0201357526,00.html
This book teaches the fundamental concepts of multithreaded, parallel and distributed computing. Emphasizes how to solve problems, with correctness the primary concern and performance an important, but secondary, concern. (Gregory R. Andrews) |
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Fundamentals of Multithreading - http://www.slcentral.com/articles/01/6/multithreading/
Technical article, covering Amdahl's Law, latencies and bandwidth, on-chip multiprocessing, Jackson technology, and simultaneous multithreading. (SystemLogic.net) |
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A Thread Performance Comparison - http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/usenix-nt98/full_papers/zabatta/zabatta_html/zabatta.html
Compares Windows NT and Solaris on a symmetric multiprocessor machine. |
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Concurrent Programming: Principles and Practice - http://www.aw-bc.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0805300864,00.html
This book provides an in-depth overview of underlying principles as well as practical techniques that can be used to design concurrent programs. (Greg Andrews) |
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comp.programming.threads FAQ - http://www.lambdacs.com/cpt/FAQ.html
Bil Lewis's collection of frequently asked questions. |
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Await && Locks - http://await.sourceforge.net/
An expressive C++ thread synchronization library. |
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It's (Not) All Been Done - http://www.gotw.ca/publications/guest-ed-200609.htm
Every decade or so there is a major revolution in the way software is developed. But, unlike the object and web revolutions, the concurrency revolution can be seen coming. |
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Sutter Speaks: The Future of Concurrency - http://www.devx.com/go-parallel/Article/37839
What does the future hold for concurrency? What will happen to the tools and techniques around concurrent programming? In part two of our series, concurrency guru Herb Sutter talks about these issues and what developers need to be reading to understand concurrency. |
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Maximize Locality, Minimize Contention - http://www.ddj.com/hpc-high-performance-computing/208200273
Explains why in the concurrent world, locality is a first-order issue that trumps most other performance considerations. Now locality is no longer just about fitting well into cache and RAM, but to avoid scalability busters by keeping tightly coupled data physically close together and separately used data far, far apart. |
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Sutter Speaks: A Conversation with the Concurrency Whisperer - http://www.devx.com/go-parallel/Article/37573
Multi- and many-core chips are entering the mainstream — and one of the first software development authorities to take note was C++ expert Herb Sutter. Thanks to his practical insights, a new generation may grok concurrency sooner than previously thought possible. |
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Priority Inheritance Protocols - http://www-md.e-technik.uni-rostock.de/ma/gol/rtsys-bib/90-toc-pcp.pdf
Use of synchronization mechanisms like semaphores, monitors, and critical regions can lead to uncontrolled priority inversion. |
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Generic Synchronization Policies in C++ - http://www.ciaranmchale.com/gsp/
Most uses of synchronization code in multi-threaded applications fall into a small number of high-level “usage patterns”, or what can be called generic synchronization policies (GSPs). This paper illustrates how the use of such GSPs simplify the writing of thread-safe classes. In addition, this paper presents a C++ class library that implements commonly-used GSPs. |
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Portable Thread Synchronization using C++ - http://www.frostbytes.com/~jimf/papers/c++sync/c++sync.html
Provides example C++ classes implementing a series of synchronization objects useful for building portable (Solaris and Win32) multithreaded applications. |
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Introduction to Priority Inversion - http://www.embedded.com/story/OEG20020321S0023
Gives an introduction to priority inversion and shows a pair of techniques to avoid them. |
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The Pillars of Concurrency - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/200001985
This article makes the case that a consistent mental model is needed to talk about concurrency. |
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Application-Level Abstractions for Lock-Free Data Sharing - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/205200452
Describes lock-free data sharing, otherwise known as "wait-free data sharing" as an alternative to the use of locks. |
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Apply Critical Sections Consistently - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/202401098
Critical sections are the One True Tool for guaranteeing mutual exclusion on shared variables. Like most tools, these must be applied consistently, and with the intended meanings. |
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volatile - Multithreaded Programmer's Best Friend - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/184403766
Discusses the usage of the volatile keyword in multithreaded C++ programs. |
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Lock-free Interprocess Communication - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/189401457
Interprocess communication is an essential component of modern software engineering. Often, lock-free IPC is accomplished via special processor commands. This article propose a communication type that requires only atomic writing of processor word from processor cache into main memory and atomic processor word reading from main memory into the processor register or processor cache. |
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Use Lock Hierarchies to Avoid Deadlock - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/204801163
Explains how to use lock hierarchies to avoid deadlock by assigning each shared resource a level that corresponds to its architectural layer. |
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Multi-threaded Debugging Techniques - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/199200938
Describes a number of general purpose debugging techniques for multi-threaded applications. |
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The Many Faces of Deadlock - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/209900973
Explains that deadlock can happen whenever there is a blocking (or waiting) cycle among concurrent tasks. |
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Concurrency with Erlang - http://dsonline.computer.org/portal/site/dsonline/menuitem.9ed3d9924aeb0dcd82ccc6716bbe36ec/index.jsp?&pName=dso_level1&path=dsonline/2007/10&file=w5tow.xml&xsl=article.xsl&
To avoid problems with shared state working with multiple threads, Vinoski recommends a programming language like Erlang rather than C++ or Java. |
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The Problem with Threads - http://www.computer.org/portal/site/computer/menuitem.5d61c1d591162e4b0ef1bd108bcd45f3/index.jsp?&pName=computer_level1_article&TheCat=1005&path=computer/homepage/0506&file=cover.xml&xsl=article.xsl&
Argues that for concurrent programming to become mainstream, threads must be discarded as a programming model. Nondeterminism should be judiciously and carefully introduced where needed, and it should be explicit in programs. |
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Software and the Concurrency Revolution - http://acmqueue.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=332
Focuses on the implications of concurrency for software and its consequences for both programming languages and programmers. (Herb Sutter and James Larus) |
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Lock-Free Code: A False Sense of Security - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/209903274
Writing lock-free code can confound anyone-even expert programmers, as Herb shows in this article. |